Industry 4.0 Was Introduced 15 Years Ago. Where Are We Now?
Industry 4.0, first introduced at Hannover Messe in 2011, promised a revolution in manufacturing through the convergence of cyber-physical systems, IoT connectivity, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence. More than a decade later, the reality is nuanced: some manufacturers have achieved significant digital transformation, while many others remain stuck in pilot purgatory or early maturity stages. […]
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